The United States has a complex and multi-layered tax system that includes federal, state, and local taxes. Unlike many countries with a single national tax structure, US taxes are collected at different levels of government and vary depending on income, location, and type of transaction. Understanding the list of taxes in the US with tax rates is essential for individuals, businesses, and investors.

In 2026, the US tax structure continues to focus on progressive income taxation, consumption-based taxes, payroll contributions, and property-related taxes. This article provides a clear and easy-to-understand breakdown of the major taxes in the United States, along with their standard tax rates.

1. Federal Income Tax

Federal income tax is the primary source of revenue for the US government. It follows a progressive tax system, meaning higher income levels are taxed at higher rates. In 2026, federal income tax rates generally range from 10% to 37%, depending on income brackets and filing status (single, married, or head of household).

Lower-income earners fall into the 10% or 12% brackets, while high-income earners pay the top marginal rate of 37%. This tax applies to wages, salaries, business income, interest, and other earnings. It remains one of the most important taxes in the US system.

2. State Income Tax

State income tax varies significantly across the country. Some states charge a flat rate, while others follow a progressive structure similar to the federal system. As of 2026:

• State income tax rates typically range from 0% to around 13%
• States like Texas, Florida, and Washington charge no state income tax
• States like California and New York have higher progressive tax rates

This variation makes state income tax a major factor in overall tax burden and financial planning.

3. Payroll Taxes (Social Security & Medicare)

Payroll taxes fund Social Security and Medicare programs. These taxes are shared by employees and employers.

• Social Security Tax: 12.4% total
  • 6.2% paid by employee
  • 6.2% paid by employer
• Medicare Tax: 2.9% total
  • 1.45% paid by employee
  • 1.45% paid by employer

High-income earners may also pay an additional Medicare surtax of 0.9% on income above a certain threshold. Payroll taxes are a fixed and essential part of the US tax structure.

4. Sales Tax

Sales tax is imposed by state and local governments on the sale of goods and certain services. There is no federal sales tax in the US.

• State sales tax rates typically range from 0% to 7.25%
• With local taxes included, combined rates can reach 8% to 10%+

States like Oregon, Delaware, and New Hampshire do not charge sales tax, while states like California and Tennessee have higher rates. Sales tax is one of the most visible taxes in the US for consumers.

5. Property Tax

Property tax is levied by local governments on real estate, including homes, land, and commercial properties.

• Property tax rates generally range from 0.5% to 2.5% of assessed property value
• Rates vary widely by county and city

Property tax revenue funds schools, public safety, infrastructure, and local services. It is a significant tax for homeowners and real estate investors.

6. Capital Gains Tax

Capital gains tax applies to profits earned from selling assets such as stocks, real estate, or investments.

• Short-term capital gains: Taxed as ordinary income (10%–37%)
• Long-term capital gains: Typically taxed at 0%, 15%, or 20%

Long-term capital gains apply when assets are held for more than one year. This tax plays a major role in investment and wealth planning.

7. Corporate Income Tax

The US federal corporate tax rate is a flat 21%. This rate applies to most corporations operating in the United States.

In addition to federal tax, many states impose their own corporate income taxes, typically ranging from 2% to 10%. Corporate taxes are a critical component of business operations and government revenue.

8. Excise Taxes

Excise taxes are applied to specific goods and activities rather than income.

Common excise taxes include:

• Fuel (gasoline and diesel)
• Alcohol and tobacco
• Airline tickets
• Firearms and ammunition

Excise tax rates vary depending on the product and are often included in the price paid by consumers.

9. Estate Tax

Estate tax applies to the transfer of wealth after death.

• Federal estate tax rate: up to 40%
• Applies only to estates exceeding a high exemption threshold

Some states also impose their own estate or inheritance taxes. This tax mainly affects high-net-worth individuals.

10. Gift Tax

Gift tax applies when a person transfers money or property to another individual without receiving equal value.

• Federal gift tax rate: up to 40%
• Annual exclusion allows gifts up to a set amount per person without tax

Gift tax works in combination with estate tax to prevent tax avoidance through wealth transfers.

11. Self-Employment Tax

Self-employed individuals pay both the employee and employer portions of payroll taxes.

• Total self-employment tax rate: 15.3%
  • 12.4% for Social Security
  • 2.9% for Medicare

This tax applies to freelancers, consultants, and business owners.

12. Import Duties (Customs Duties)

Import duties are taxes imposed on goods brought into the United States.

• Rates vary based on product type and country of origin
• Can range from 0% to 25% or more

These taxes impact international trade and product pricing.

Conclusion

The US tax system is broad and multi-dimensional, covering income, consumption, property, and business activities. Understanding the list of taxes in the US with tax rates helps individuals and businesses plan finances more effectively. While tax rates can vary by income, state, and situation, this overview provides a solid foundation for understanding how taxation works in the United States in 2026.